A murder on a cruise ship is rare but serious. When it happens, the investigation must follow strict procedures. The ship’s location, its flag state, and international laws play key roles.
Which Law Applies?
Most cruise ships sail under a “flag of convenience.” This means they are registered in countries like Panama, the Bahamas, or Liberia. The laws of the flag state apply onboard. However, if the crime involves U.S. citizens or occurs in U.S. waters, the FBI often takes charge.
Security on Board
Cruise ships have onboard security teams. These officers are trained in basic law enforcement. Their numbers vary by ship size, averaging 8 to 15 personnel on large vessels. They monitor passenger safety, enforce rules, and respond to emergencies.
Security officers are not full police investigators. Their primary role is to preserve evidence and secure the scene. They are trained to handle incidents until official investigators arrive.
How Is the Investigation Conducted?
The investigation begins immediately after the crime is discovered. Here’s how it typically unfolds:
- Securing the Scene
Security seals off the crime scene to prevent contamination. They ensure no one enters without authorization. - Gathering Evidence
Officers collect initial evidence. This may include blood samples, weapons, or personal belongings. - Interviewing Witnesses
Passengers and crew near the scene are questioned. Security logs their statements and collects contact details. - Reviewing CCTV Footage
Cruise ships have extensive CCTV coverage. Cameras monitor public areas like hallways, dining rooms, and decks. Investigators review footage to track movements and potential suspects. - Preserving Evidence
All collected items are sealed and documented. A chain of custody is established to ensure evidence integrity. - Isolating Suspects
If a suspect is identified, they may be placed under custody. Cruise ships often have a “brig,” a small detention room, to hold individuals until authorities take over. - Notifying Authorities
The ship’s captain contacts the flag state’s authorities. If the ship is near U.S. waters or involves U.S. citizens, the FBI is informed.
Role of CCTV Cameras
CCTV is a crucial tool in solving crimes at sea. Cameras are placed strategically to cover high-traffic and public areas. Investigators can often trace a suspect’s movements before and after the crime. However, private cabins and certain areas, like bathrooms, are not under surveillance to protect privacy.
Custody and the Brig
When someone is detained onboard, they are confined in the brig. The brig is a small, secured room designed for temporary holding. Security officers monitor the detainee and ensure their rights are respected.
Arrival at Port
Once the ship reaches the next port, local law enforcement or FBI agents take over. All evidence and statements are handed over. They will continue the investigation and decide on charges.
Famous cases
A detailed overview of Kristy Manzanares’ case and its investigation can be found through the U.S. Department of Justice
Insights into cruise crime trends and the Adriana Morales case are discussed here.
